Critical Factors On Human Dignity And Capital Punishment

Antiepa Munatsi S00150701 This discussion is going to investigate and evaluate the critical factors in relation to human dignity and capital punishment utilising the case study of Andrew and Myuran. A discussion would be made on the issues surrounding the unfair forms of punishments that are used to deal with those who committed unimaginable crimes in the eyes of society. I believe this is an issue where human dignity is a critical factor because there is no respect for individual autonomy and Andrew and Myuran were not given the chance and hence their humanity and dignity violated. Perspectives 1 and 2 would be outlined and an analysis would be made to each in relationship to the case study. Also, understanding of human dignity in each†¦show more content†¦Question 1 Dwight Conquergood wrote about how the legal system in America tried to normalise capital punishment to make it seem less cruel by introducing other ways of execution. This was done by using the lethal injection as in McVeigh?s case (Conquergood, 2002). He advocates against the use of capital punishment and in his discussion highlighted that he attended many demonstrations with those against capital punishment. In addition, he highlights that there is bias from authorities when handling death cases. In one of the cases, the police lost documents which would have been given to the defense lawyers to fight against the sentence. However, the individual was put to death and he considered that death penalty to be unfair and unjust and that there has been instances of innocent people being on death row. He highlighted that minorities make up the largest number of prisoners on the death penalty despite representing a small percentage of the small population and argued that there was bias ag ainst certain minorities. The author indicated that African-Americans are 19% more likely to be put on death row as compared to other races even though they might have committed the same crime (Conquergood, 2002). His view can be put into quadrant 1A which refers to dignity obtained by being a human being (Kirchhoffer, 2013). However, when one is on death row, this dignity is taking away and therefore he argues that offenders

Ptsd Post Traumatic Stress Disorder - 1462 Words

PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder or serious condition that can develop after a victim who has witnessed or experienced a traumatic event.(American Psychiatric Association, 2013) When PTSD was identified as an mental health condition by the psychologist? The term PTSD first appeared in the 1980s, but the concept of this disorder can be traced back to 1952 when the first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM was published. The stress reaction of PTSD in DSM-I is defined as a â€Å"normal personality established patterns of reaction to deal with overwhelming fear†. In 1978, the Committee of Reactive Disorders decided to name this stress reaction as Post-traumatic Stress Disorder.(Andreasen 2010) The definition of PTSD has changed through different edition of the DSM. Definition of PTSD (DSM5) In the current edition of DSM 5th edition, PTSD is defined as a mental disorder that has a small chance to develop when a person is exposed to one or more traumatic events such as war, natural disasters, terrorist attack, accidents, different kinds of life threat, or physical or sexual assaults. Most survivors of the events might feel anger, fear, shock or even guilt, but these reactions are common. Through time and good care, survivors usually can get better and move on. However, some survivors might experience serious stress reactions, numbing memories and hyper arousal of the traumatic events. When the symptoms get worse for aShow MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )990 Words   |  4 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a common anxiety disorder characterized by chronic physical arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts and images of the traumatic event, and avoidance of things that can call the traumatic event into mind (Schacter, Gilbert, Wegner, Nock, 2014). About 7 percent of Americans suffer from PTSD. Family members of victims can also develop PTSD and it can occur in people of any age. The diagnosis for PTSD requires one or more symptoms to beRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1471 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Student’s Name Course Title School Name April 12, 2017  Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder that many people are facing every day, and it appears to become more prevalent. This disorder is mainly caused by going through or experiencing a traumatic event, and its risk of may be increased by issuesRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the Mayo-Clinic Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, commonly known as PTSD is defined as â€Å"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that s triggered by a terrifying event — either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). Post Traumatic Stress disorder can prevent one from living a normal, healthy life. In 2014, Chris Kyle playedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1198 Words   |  5 Pages Post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) is a mental illness that is triggered by witnessing or experiencing a traumatic event. â€Å"PTSD was first brought to public attention in relation to war veterans, but it can result from a variety of traumatic incidents, such as mugging, rape, torture, being kidnapped or held captive, child abuse, car accidents, train wrecks, plane crashes, bombings, or natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes(NIMH,2015).† PTSD is recognized as a psychobiological mentalRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1423 Words   |  6 Pages Mental diseases and disorders have been around since humans have been inhabiting earth. The field of science tasked with diagnosing and treating these disorders is something that is always evolving. One of the most prevalent disorders in our society but has only recently been acknowledged is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Proper and professional diagnosis and definitions of PTSD was first introduced by the American Psychiatric Association(APA) in the third edition of the Diagnostic andRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Identity, Groups, and PTSD In 1980, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD,) was officially categorized as a mental disorder even though after three decades it is still seen as controversial. The controversy is mainly founded around the relationship between post-traumatic stress (PTS) and politics. The author believes that a group level analysis will assist in understanding the contradictory positions in the debate of whether or not PTSD is a true disorder. The literature regarding this topicRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesPost Traumatic Stress Disorder â€Å"PTSD is a disorder that develops in certain people who have experienced a shocking, traumatic, or dangerous event† (National Institute of Mental Health). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has always existed, PTSD was once considered a psychological condition of combat veterans who were â€Å"shocked† by and unable to face their experiences on the battlefield. Much of the general public and many mental health professionals doubted whether PTSD was a true disorder (NIMH)Read MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )944 Words   |  4 Pageswith Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD Stats). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a mental disorder common found in veterans who came back from war. We can express our appreciation to our veterans by creating more support programs, help them go back to what they enjoy the most, and let them know we view them as a human not a disgrace. According to the National Care of PTSD, a government created program, published an article and provides the basic definition and common symptoms of PTSD. Post-traumaticRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1780 Words   |  8 Pagesmental illnesses. One such illness is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental illness that affects a person’s sympathetic nervous system response. A more common name for this response is the fight or flight response. In a person not affected by post-traumatic stress disorder this response activates only in times of great stress or life threatening situations. â€Å"If the fight or flight is successful, the traumatic stress will usually be released or dissipatedRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1444 Words   |  6 PagesYim – Human Stress 2 December 2014 PTSD in War Veterans Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a condition that is fairly common with individuals that have experienced trauma, especially war veterans. One in five war veterans that have done service in the Iraq or Afghanistan war are diagnosed with PTSD. My group decided to focus on PTSD in war veterans because it is still a controversial part of stressful circumstances that needs further discussion. The lifetime prevalence of PTSD amongst war

Gay Teenagers and Suicide Essay Example For Students

Gay Teenagers and Suicide Essay Community and School Support for Gay YouthMany gay and lesbian youths are fortunate to have families that are supportive. Some are fortunate to go to high schools that have gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender groups that met on the premises. Some schools make outstanding efforts to be safe places, both physically and emotionally. But this is some, not all and certainly not most. Most efforts to organize for teen gays are met with disdain in communities and schools. Efforts are often rallied against. Fortunate gay youth have family and friends that support them and keep them out of the grip of adolescent depression. Being homosexual in the conformist and often homophobic atmosphere of junior and senior high schools drives many to make extreme choices. If untreated, the sense of despair kids feel when they dont flow with the mainstream can lead to suicide. Although a recent University study said homosexuality and bisexuality are not significant factors in suicide attempts, suicidal thoughts or suicide intentions for teenage girls, the same cannot be said for the boys. The study, published in an August edition of the American Journal of Public Health, claimed homosexual or bisexual junior high school and senior high school boys are seven times more likely than heterosexual boys of the same age to report suicide attempts. The research said 131 male respondents identified themselves as â€Å"bisexual or mostly/100 percent homosexual.† More than 28 percent of them reported suicide attempts. That is compared to more than 4 percent of heterosexual counterparts claiming suicide attempts. Traditionally, females are up to nine times more likely to attempt suicide than males, according to American Association of Suicidology documents. Males, though, are six times more likely to complete a suicide, a fact attributed to greater handgun use for suicide by males. The University findings placed heterosexual girls in the 14 percent range for reported suicide attempts. About 20 percent of homosexual or bisexual teenage girls responded similarly. Researchers used the findings to suggest that homosexuality/bisexuality in itself is not a lone determiner of suicide risk for teens. Heterosexual and homosexual or bisexual girls had nearly uniform rates of suicidal thoughts or intent. These statistics led researchers to conclude that sexual orientation is not the cause of suicide attempts because it does not operate that way in girls. Instead, researchers point to other factors for the high rates of reported suicide attempts for gay males. Factors such as verbal and physical harassment, substance use or isolation of boys thought of as sexually different than their heterosexual peers contribute to their high rates of suicide. In 1989, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services released a report stating that up to a third of all teen suicides were committed by gay youths. The validity of these findings has been at the heart of heated debate ever since. The University study is one attempt to legitimize the relationship between homosexuality/bisexuality and suicide. The study utilized data from a 1987 survey of more than 36,000 Minnesota students in grades seven to 12. The survey was filled out by 95 percent of the students. Researchers from the University’s Youth and AIDS Project said their â€Å"unbiased† findings end contentions over whether there is a relationship between homosexuality and suicide.

Why did Certain Groups Revolt Against Peter the Greats Policies

Throughout the course of known history, it has always been the case that the implementation of various innovations in particular country’s socio-political, cultural and scientific life, would initially be met with a fierce resistance, on the part of self-proclaimed ‘guardians of tradition’.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why did Certain Groups Revolt Against Peter the Great’s Policies? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, it had always proven to be only the matter of very short time, before such resistance would be subdued. In this paper, we will aim to substantiate the validity of an earlier statement, by reflecting upon the specifics of how Peter the Great went about modernizing Russia through 1689-1725. Within the matter of few years, after having ascended to Russia’s throne in 1689, Peter had made it clear to Russian boyars (nobles) and to Orthodox Church’s clergymen that struggling with Russia’s social and cultural backwardness represented his life’s foremost priority. And, Peter’s activities throughout his early tsardom, leave few doubts as to the fact that it was namely the undisputed dominance of Orthodox Church in country’s socio-political life, which he perceived as the actual root of Russia’s backwardness. For example, in 1692, Peter parodied the functioning of Orthodox Church by establishing a so-called ‘Vseshuteishyi, Vsepyaneishyi I Sumasbrodneishyi Sobor’ (Most Drunken Council of Fools and Jesters) – a carnivalesque mockery of Church’s High Council, which was perceived by Peter’s contemporaries as the clear proof of his sinful-mindedness. Yet, as many historical studies on the subject matter indicate, there was nothing new about drunken orgies that occurred in times of Peter Sobor’s gatherings – these orgies used to be an essential part of Ort hodox clergymen’s lives, just as it was the case with their Catholic counterparts.1 By establishing his Synod of Fools and Jesters, Peter simply exposed Church’s dirty laundry – hence, contributing to the establishment of initial preconditions for Russia’s rapid transformation from essentially a barbaric little principality, to one of the world’s greatest empires.Advertising Looking for essay on eastern europe? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apparently, Peter was perfectly aware of a simple fact that the concepts of ‘tradition’ and ‘spirituality’ are innately counter-productive, for as long as the process of facilitating cultural progress is being concerned. Being at the time one of Russia’s only few intellectuals, Peter knew well that only science provides people with practically valid answers to life’s dilemmas. This why, upon having decided to set R ussia upon the course of progress, Peter realized that he had no choice but to travel to Europe, in order to study a variety of different sciences, such as shipbuilding, mathematics, philosophy, ethics, etc. In its turn, this explains why Peter’s ‘Grand Embassy’ to Europe lasted for an year – during the course of this time, Peter and his closest associates never ceased studying and even indulging in physical labor on full-time basis. It is not by a pure accident that Peter’s contemporaries used to refer to young Russian Tsar as ‘carpenter on the throne’ – so strong was his desire to turn Russia into civilized country that he did not mind working himself to exhaustion at Zaandam and Deptford’s shipbuilding yards as a commoner.2 Nevertheless, whatever the ironically it might sound – it was exactly to due to Peter being endowed with rationale-driven intellect and due to his willingness to work hard, in order to be able to benefit Russia, that the number of Russians began to perceive him as ‘evildoer’. Given the fact that Orthodox Church have traditionally strived to discourage people from taking an active stance in life, it comes as no surprise that in 17th-18th century’s many Russians seriously believed that material riches should just fall out of sky, for as long as one prays hard enough. This explains why these people considered Peter’s hardworking qualities as the proof of his ‘ungodliness’. After having returned to Russia in 1698, in order to take care of streltsys’ rebellion, instigated by overly-traditional princess Sophia, Peter had dealt with rebellions rather decisively – eight hundred of them were executed in the center of Moscow, within the a matter of days. The rumors about Peter’s cruelty began to spread throughout the Russia.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why did Certain Groups Revolt Against Pete r the Great’s Policies? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it is not the fact that Peter was a cruel individual with rather short temper, which had won him a strong disfavor with the great number of Russians, while he was on the throne. The real reason why, throughout Peter’s reign, people continued to revolt against implementation of his progressive innovations, in the fields of national defense, industry, trade, tax system, state administration and education, was their mental primitiveness. Russian boyars and high-ranking members of Orthodox Church’s clergy were aware of the fact that, if Peter was allowed to proceed with modernizing Russia unopposed, it will only be the matter of short time, before their parasitic mode of existence would end. It goes without saying, of course, that while articulating their grievances against Peter, these people did not act in intellectually honest matter – instead of admitting that Peter’s reforms simply threatened their bellyful idleness, they wanted to represent these reforms as such that undermined Russia’s ‘spiritual foundations’. According to Slavophiles, Peter’s reforms caused a great deal of damage to Russia’s natural path of development, as in their eyes, this path was inconsistent with the ways of the West.3 In other words, there was absolutely no rationale behind some traditionally-minded Russians’ unwillingness to accept Peter’s reforms, just as today there is no rationale behind some Muslim immigrants’ refusal to live by Western secular laws, after having relocated to Western countries. What gives Peter a huge credit is that, even as far back as at the end of 17th century, he had shown the whole world of what represents the best way to deal with intellectually inflexible people’s ‘traditionalist’ prejudices – if they want to proceed with deny ing the light of civilization, let them be taxed.Advertising Looking for essay on eastern europe? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is a famous story of how Peter the Great addressed the issue of Russian boyars refusing to take baths, to wear Western costumes and to shave off their flea-ridden beards. Peter simply issued a decree, according to which, those who wanted to stick to ‘traditional values’ had to pay taxes. Bearded Russians were given a few weeks of time to whether find necessary sum of hundred rubles, in order to be able to retain their beards for a lifetime, or to dispose of their beards altogether. Those who could not afford paying that much but still wanted to maintain their barbaric appearance, had a option to pay for keeping their beards on annual and monthly basis.4 As practice showed, Russians’ willingness to pay taxes, in order to be able to retain their beards, did not last for too long, even though initially, ‘traditionalists’ used to threaten Peter with ‘God’s vengeance’ for his ‘unholy’ intention of popularize the noti on of personal hygiene among them. The ‘God’s vengeance’ also did not fall upon Peter, on account of his other ‘unholy’ deeds, such as collecting Church’s bells, and making cannons out of them, adopting Julian calendar, subjecting Church’s authority to the secular authority of the state, creating Russia’s Navy out of nothing, introducing the principle of draft for sustaining Russian Army of 210.000.000 strong at all times, establishing Russia’s first newspaper Vedomosti (News), building the great city of Petersburg as Russia’s new capital, etc.5 Nowadays, some historians suggest that, in order for just about anyone to be able to even partially grasp the extent of Peter’s contribution to the process of building and civilizing Russian Empire, he or she would have to take a stroll along this city’s streets.6 Just as any political figure of a great historical significance, Peter used to be focused on fulfi lling long-term objectives, which is why it comes as not a particular surprise that many of his simple-minded contemporaries did not fully appreciate the role he was playing in the history of Russia. Just as Napoleon, Peter the Great believed in secularization and modernization as the only pathways towards building a better society. Just as Napoleon, he had no choice but simply to crash those who resisted him, due to their intellectual backwardness. And, just as it was the case with Napoleon, who never ceased being perceived as an ideal ruler by famous intellectuals of the era, such as Ludwig van Beethoven and Thomas Jefferson, the legacy of Peter the Great’s never ceased inspiring Russian intellectuals, well after his death.7 For example, Peter’s vision of Russia as a modern European state was shared by such Russia’s renowned scientists as Lomonosov and Tatischev. In their turn, they strived to communicate this vision to Peter’s successors on the throne. 8 Thus, just as we have stated earlier, the only reason why certain groups in Russia did revolt against Peter the Great’s policies, is that the representatives of these groups could never appreciate the sheer significance of Peter, as a historical figure. They wanted to continue living in patriarchic society, unaffected by the rapid pace of cultural and scientific progress that was taking place in Europe. They wanted to continue professing ‘traditional values’ (read – prejudices), as if outside world did not even exist. The closer analysis of these people’s stance, in regards to Peter’s reforms, reveals an undeniable fact that it was namely their religious fanaticism, which added to the strength of their resolution to defy Peter the Great. For example, after the functioning of Russian Orthodox Church was reformed by Peter’s adoption of Julian calendar, it resulted in creation of so-called Movement of Raskolniks, the affiliates of which would go as far as referring to their Tsar as the ‘Son of Satan’. Just as today’s Jehovah Witnesses, Raskolnics used to indulge into social withdrawal, in full sense of this word. They refused to pay taxes, to serve in the army, to take part in administering country and to obey even the basic secular laws.9 There used to be whole villages of these fanatics, who would rather burn themselves, then criss-crossing their foreheads with three fingers instead of two, as they were accustomed to. Thanks to Peter the Great though, these people did not succeed with their agenda of keeping Russia in the state of primeval savagery. Despite the fact that there were very many controversial aspects to Peter’s reforms, the laws of history dialectically predetermined his triumph over the enemies. References Anemone, Anthony â€Å"The Monsters of Peter the Great: The Culture of the St. Petersburg Kunstkamera in the Eighteenth Century.† The Slavic and East  European Journal 44.4 (2000): 583-602. Burbank, Jane Ransel, David. Imperial Russia: New Histories for the Empire.  Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998. Kamenskii, Alex Griffiths, David. The Russian Empire in the Eighteenth  Century: Searching for a Place in the World. Armonk, N.Y. : ME Sharpe, Inc., 1997. Kohn, Hans â€Å"Napoleon and the Age of Nationalism.† The Journal of Modern History 22.1 (1950): 21-37 Lewitter, Lucjan â€Å"Peter the Great and the Modern World.† History Today 35.2 (1985):16-23. Mackay, Charles. Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions. London: Richard Bentley, 1841. Raeff, Marc â€Å"The Bureaucratic Phenomena of Imperial Russia, 1700-1905.† The  American Historical Review 84.2 (1979): 399-411. Raleigh, Donald Iskenderov, Akhmed. The Emperors and Empresses of  Russia: Rediscovering the Romanovs. New Russian History. Armonk, N.Y.: ME Sharpe, Inc., 1996. Waliszewski, Kazimierz. Peter the Great. New York: Haskell House Publisher s, 1897 (1969). Footnotes 1 Anthony Anemone, â€Å"The Monsters of Peter the Great: The Culture of the St. Petersburg Kunstkamera in the Eighteenth Century,† The Slavic and East European Journal 44.4 (2000): 591. 2 Lucjan Lewitter, â€Å"Peter the Great and the Modern World.† History Today 35.2 (1985):18. 3 Donald Raleigh Akhmed Iskenderov, The Emperors and Empresses of Russia: Rediscovering the Romanovs. (Armonk, N.Y.: ME Sharpe, Inc., 1996) 4. 4 Charles Mackay, Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions. (London: Richard Bentley, 1841) 232. 5 Marc Raeff â€Å"The Bureaucratic Phenomena of Imperial Russia, 1700-1905,† The American Historical Review 84.2 (1979): 400. 6 Alex Kamenskii David Griffiths, The Russian Empire in the Eighteenth Century: Searching for a Place in the World. (Armonk, N.Y.: ME Sharpe, Inc., 1997) 77. 7 Hans Kohn â€Å"Napoleon and the Age of Nationalism,† The Journal of Modern History 22.1 (1950): 21-37. 8 Jane Burbank David Ranse l, Imperial Russia: New Histories for the Empire. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998) 50. 9 Kazimierz Waliszewski, Peter the Great. (New York: Haskell House Publishers, 1897/1969) 159. This essay on Why did Certain Groups Revolt Against Peter the Great’s Policies? was written and submitted by user Spirit to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

My Parents Money essays

My Parents Money essays Towards the end of my high school education I had decided I wanted to go to college to become a Veterinarian, and specialize in Equine Sciences. Every detail was planned out; which college I would attend, my housing, a part-time job, and how much it was all going to cost. Both my parents and I were very excited, but there was just one problem. How was I going to pay for my education? I filled out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid. Even though my parents were divorced and I was living with my Mother, I was required to put both of their incomes on the application because my Father paid child support. I was seen as being dependant on both incomes. Due to the amount of my parents annual incomes, I was denied any financial aid. The report I received from the Federal Financial Aid Office stated that my parents were expected to pay for my education. Because of the divorce, the incomes were now divided between two homes and my parents were unable to help me with my financial needs for college. I investigated other options such as scholarships, jobs, and work programs. Every option came to a dead end, there just were not any resources available for such a privileged person, or so that is what I was being told. I understood my parents being unable to help me, I even understood how I could be seen as being privileged, but I could not understand how a country that preaches that the education of our youth is the future of our society, was telling me that I would not be getting any assistance. I think it is ridiculous that the Federal Government has decided, based solely upon income, which parents will be expected to contribute to the education of their children. It is after all the parents money, and they too have worked very hard to be where they want to be. Why should parents have to forfeit their lifestyle to put their children through college? At the age of eighteen, children are ...

Anatomy of the Cerebellum and its Function

Anatomy of the Cerebellum and its Function In Latin, the word cerebellum means little brain. The cerebellum is the area of the hindbrain that controls movement coordination, balance, equilibrium and muscle tone. Like the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum is comprised of white matter and a thin, outer layer of densely folded gray matter. The folded outer layer of the cerebellum (cerebellar cortex) has smaller and more compact folds than those of the cerebral cortex. The cerebellum contains hundreds of millions of neurons for processing data. It relays information between body muscles and areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved in motor control. Cerebellum Lobes The cerebellum can be subdivided into three lobes that coordinate information received from the spinal cord and from different areas of the brain. The anterior lobe receives input primarily from the spinal cord. The posterior lobe receives input primarily from the brainstem and cerebral cortex. The flocculonodular lobe receives input from the cranial nuclei of the vestibular nerve. The vestibular nerve is a component of the vestibulocochlear cranial nerve. The transmission of nerve input and output signals from the cerebellum occurs through bundles of nerve fibers called cerebral peduncles. These nerve bundles run through the midbrain connecting the forebrain and hindbrain. Cerebellum Function The cerebellum is involved in several functions including: Fine movement coordinationBalance and equilibriumMuscle toneSense of body position The cerebellum processes information from the brain and peripheral nervous system for balance and body control. Activities such as walking, hitting a ball and playing a video game all involve the cerebellum. The cerebellum helps us to have fine motor control while inhibiting involuntary movement. It coordinates and interprets sensory information in order to produce fine motor movements. It also calculates and corrects informational discrepancies in order to produce the desired movement. Cerebellum Location Directionally, the cerebellum is situated at the base of the skull, above the brainstem and beneath the occipital lobes of the cerebral cortex. Cerebellum Damage Damage to the cerebellum may result in difficulty with motor control. Individuals may have problems maintaining balance, tremors, lack of muscle tone, speech difficulties, lack of control over eye movement, difficulty in standing upright, and an inability to perform accurate movements. The cerebellum may become damaged due to a number of factors. Toxins including alcohol, drugs, or heavy metals can cause damage to nerves in the cerebellum that lead to a condition called ataxia. Ataxia involves the loss of muscle control or coordination of movement. Damage to the cerebellum may also occur as a result of stroke, head injury, cancer, cerebral palsy, viral infection, or nervous system degenerative diseases. Divisions of the Brain: Hindbrain The cerebellum is included in the division of the brain called the hindbrain. The hindbrain is divided into two subregions called the metencephalon and myelencephalon. The cerebellum and pons are located in the upper region of the hindbrain known as the metencephalon. Sagittally, the pons is anterior to the cerebellum and relays sensory information between the cerebrum and cerebellum.

Follow the instruction Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Follow the instruction - Assignment Example This paper will analyze the NFL official strike by assessing the status of three interrelated elements of negotiations including information, Relative Bargaining Leverage (RBL) and timing. The 2011 NFL official strike had been attributed by several factors including the salary cap, rookie salaries, season length, revenue sharing and television contracts, safety and health benefits of the players, free agency guidelines and financial information. Research asserts that the lockout could be identified as a work stoppage that was imposed by the officials of NFL’s 32 teams (Grappone 1). During the strike period, the players were restricted from seeing the doctors or communicating with the coach or accessing the team facilities. The officials also had an issue with the officiating accuracy of games by referees such as Wayne Elliot. Therefore, the CBA rights were renounced, and a court ruling was made in order to end the lockout. The three elements of negotiations including information, Relative Bargaining Leverage and timing were rather crucial in this lockout because they substantially assisted in the end of the lockout. This was after the implementation of new CBA rights and addressing the salary issue through RBL. This asserts that information and proper timing was rather crucial in the resolution of the strike (Grappone 1). Therefore, these three aspects can be employed in real life situations in order to solve disparities among individuals. For instance, an individual should have enough information regarding the situation, in order to develop a Relative Bargaining Leverage within the shortest possible time. Thus, this is extremely helpful for most individuals. Grappone, Jimmy. NFL Referee Lockout Ends: How a Public Relations Crisis Saved the NFL Season. Carolina: Bleacher Press, 2012. Web.

Enterprise Project II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Enterprise Project II - Essay Example This initial process is only appropriate if the design is a new one. The process starts with a group of 5 artists preparing 5 different design sketches each which can take up to five hours. The sketches will be reviewed by a panel of quality assurance officials. This usually takes 2 days and the panel selects the best 10 designs from the sketches. The sketches are then used to create patterns from the drafts. This process runs through 24 designers who create samples of each design in groups of 8 consisting of large, medium and small standard patterns. This process allows only minimal time for choosing the appropriate pattern of designs to change another for a panel. It is a pitfall for the process because the process ought to get adequate time for changing the design patterns when the panel rejects a particular design. Marking the yarn for cutting is the subsequent phase (Kadolph 78-83). The material passes through eight lines with two machines where purchased strands of dyed yarn on beams is selected according to the color, pressed in the two machines, and marked according to the size to be cut. The material is cut under three cloth cutting machines at the rate of 1660 meters per hour it is then coated with wax and other strengthening solutions. In the next phase, the material is sorted according to texture, design, and size. The material is then arranged according to the required bundle specification. This process is automated and sensors are used to determine the texture of the material. Then, the patterns pass through looms where the fabric is woven according to the specified design and size. There are a total of 300 looms used in this process. After this process is complete, the fabric is superficially heated and treated with a finishing solution. It is then dried and transported to the final inspection unit where it is closely inspected for defects created during production by a team of quality inspectors. Any defective

Mcbride Financial Services Marketing Plan Essay Example for Free

Mcbride Financial Services Marketing Plan Essay The firm will specialize in conventional, FHA, and VA loans for home purchasing and refinancing. The company intends to expand its operations into Wyoming, Montana, North Dakota and South Dakota. † (McBride Financial Services website, 2003) According to their intranet site, McBride’s target market is: 1. Professionals purchasing either a primary or secondary residence. 2. Retirees purchasing a primary or secondary residence. 3. Families and/or individuals purchasing recreational properties. This document will review McBride Financial Services’ existing marketing approach and offer suggestions for focusing market research and what types of media to use. Additionally a review will be made of McBride’s target market and how the existing strategy relates to the marketing principles of the 4Ps and SIVA. Target Market McBride’s target market is professionals and retirees purchasing a primary of secondary residence as well as individuals or families looking to purchase recreational properties. They service the following states: Idaho, Wyoming, Montana and North and South Dakota. In addition, McBride is focusing on using state of the art technology in order to be able to offer their low cost mortgage services which means that the target market must also be willing and able to conduct are large portion of the mortgage application transaction using electronic means, i. e. Internet and email. Media types McBride’s current marketing plan, as listed on their intranet site, includes the use of the following media types: localized TV ads, newspapers, radio and realtors in addition to informational handouts available at airports and major tourist attractions. McBride’s annual advertising budget is $80,000. Given that McBride utilizes technology to reduce the cost of the mortgage application process, it is surprising that the existing marketing plan does not include an online advertising strategy. 4Ps The 4Ps are product, price, promotion and place. McBride’s product is low cost conventional, FHA and VA mortgages. The price for a credit report, the mortgage application, an inspection and appraisal is fixed at $1,500. Promotions are created through the above mentioned media types of TV, radio, newspapers and realtors and through informational handouts at the airports and at tourist attractions. The placement for the application process is via McBride’s website. Marketing Strategy The SIVA marketing methodology is defined as solution, information, value and access. According to Dev and Schultz (2005) this approach to marketing starts with understanding the market and the customers based on true and deep customer insights and then identify and clarify what customer’s value. Market research needs to be focused on identifying customer’s core wants and needs from a mortgage lender so that targeted value propositions can be created. McBride needs to adjust or change their services to align with the marketing research results. Additionally, McBride needs to focus on gaining insight from existing customers as to how to improve their services as well as potentially tapping that customer base for referral, perhaps by creating an incentive for existing customer’s to bring in new clients. Put another way, the market research should investigate McBride’s target market of professionals, retirees, individuals and families to create a solution (S) based on what those customer’s value. That solution can in turn be used to create multiple targeted value propositions (I) highlighting how McBride’s services address the needs and wants of their customers. McBride then delivers on the value proposition as determined by customer needs and wants gained in the research (V). The value is measured through both market research on potential customers and through feedback loops from existing customer’s so that solutions can continually evolve to better meet the needs of the target markets.

The Door :: essays research papers

The Door stage 1 preparations In the short story â€Å" The Door â€Å" by author E.B. White, he relates one of the experiments that he conducted to one of his own personal experiences. This was done in a controlled environment, the purpose of this task was to create an alternate reality. An alternate reality is to simulate a substitution of what may be considered reality itself. To achieve this alternate reality this experiment must require an enclosure, in other words a rectangular prism where the walls will be high enough to prevent the rats escape. Not to mention, two other important materials are needed to complete the experiment which include a rat, and food for it. Then the food will be placed behind one of the three contiguous chambers in the enclosure. All three doors will closed yet unlocked, each having a marking of its own on it including a circle, a square and a triangle. Then the rat will be placed inside of the enclosure, thus signifying that the experiment has begun. This experiment will be done several times until an alternate reality is created. To set up this alternate reality it will take three steps. In the first step the rat will be placed in to open area of the enclosure. While the rat is in this enclosure all doors will be open. Then when the rat is hungry the food will be placed behind the door with the circle. Soon after the rat will try and find this food and to do so it will use the process of elimination. Until the rat finally finds the food it has been looking for, which is the food. This part of the stage will be repeated until the rat has figure out that circle equals food. Thus giving it a specific memory that will later on help create this alternate reality. Soon after that stage 2 will begin. Where the rat motor memory will be eliminated so that the rat must relay entirely on its visual image of the circle. The one difference in this stage is that the symbols will be changed after each trail. Un-like stage 1 where the circle was place in the center of the two other doors. Then the rat is placed in the enclosure yet again and the rat finds its self using trail and error. Until the rat starts to realize this process isnt working due to te fact that the symbol keeps being moved.

CONFLICT IN NIGERIA

Muslims may be a ma-Sorority, but if so they are barely that. Islam has functioned in cultural and pop-Leticia terms to create unity in northern Nigeria. Indeed, as Nigeria moved too 12-state system in 1967 from one of four regions and then to a federal republic with 19 states in 1976, it became nieces-Sara to stress Islamic unity in the 10 northern states where two-thirds of the population was Muslim.In order to maintain the dominance of the north in national politics, Islam had to provide the glue that had disappeared tit the demise of the old Native Administrate-Zion, the regional reassurance, and the party that had ruled the north in the First Republic-the Northern Peoples' Congress. 22 When the military left power in 1979, the NP tried to appeal beyond the north. Under institutional provisions, in orders o Electra president,it had o win at least a quarter of the votes in two-thirds of the states. AT he NP could not campaign as a Muslim party and it had cost the administrative di d hath ad supported the old ruling Northern Pee-apples' Congress. But it retained the sup-port of Islamic elites in the north and it also had the support of many high-ranking officers, some but not all of 21 . Ibid. , p. 23. 22. Dudley, Introduction to Nigerian Govern-meet and Politics, p. 163. 23. In fact, She Shari did not win quite 25 percent of the vote in 12 states but in a series of contested court actions he was declared president in the 1979 elections by virtue of having won 20 percent of the vote in the twelfth state. Homo were Muslims. 24TH he NP was seen as a Muslim party in the north. With the chairman of the NP coming from the west, the president of the republic from the north, the vice press-dent from the east-an alignment us-attained in the second election of 1983- Nap's ointment zone arty traders would have been under pressure if the civilian regime had continued and the posts had to be rotated by place of origin in 1988.At the same time, as it became nieces-Sara to stress Islam in order to maintain northern unity that was under pressure from the creation of more states, Islam itself often worked to intensify fissures opened up by social and economic changes. Appeals for social Justice were made in Islamic terms. Thus, as reform and purifications pavements intentioned to proliferate,' slam s a religions ND a set of cultural symbols was not solely a force for unity in the northern states. It was interpreted variably by different social groups.Elites tried to maintain theirs eminence y manipulating do-erne and traditional institutions in the name of Islam while businessmen lilt mosques and workers made demands through Islamic terminology. At the same time, Muhammad Maria AP-pealed to fringe groups to follow him to an Islamic revival. OFF Rutherford, the 24. The Briar regime, which came in at the end of 1983, actually as had the most Muslims among its leadership of all the five military regimes since 1966-the other four being Irony's, Gown's, Moha mmedan, Bassoon's. Irons and Gown were Christians, as was Bassoon.I have focused much more on the impacts f Islam Han of Christianity n political legitimacy and the role of the state in Nigeria because Islam has been, in the north, an unofficial state religion. Moreover, the struggle to define the relationship of religion to the state has been a struggle around the role of Islamic WI n Nigeria. Thee verve napping- elation of religious symbols both to Jus-tiff the rule of elites and to challenge that rule as been a manipulation of Islamic values and symbols more than Christian ones.There is reason to believe, however, that some Christian sects provide for their followers a measure of autonomy from established authority, both reel-Sioux and secular. The development of Ladder Christianity-the praying churches such as the Christ Apostolic Church and the Cherubim and Sera-pimp in Hardbound-seems to go hand in glove with the development of values and attitudes of industriousness and busin ess. That is, the adherents of the Ladder hurdles o not appear s CEO- omicron addicts,a Thought hem ay insist on a measure of political independence from established authorities. AS o far, though, the impact of Christianity in Nigeria has been less directly cones-sequential for the struggle for political legitimacy and control of authoritative roles at central and state levels than has been the impact of Islam. Nigeria has not evolved political formulas hate explicitly Lori elision r religious theorists defined astigmatic. But there have been struggles carried out in religious terms over constitute-cantonal champions r adjudicating n-flick. Religion as been an element in the conflicts twenty ethnic-language pups.And religion provides a language, a set of values,a NDIS institution's rough which groups struggle and over which groups contend, both within and between reel-Sioux communities. 26. For a major study of the adoption of Ala-durra Christianity, see J. D. Y. Peel, Ladder:A Reli gious Movement among the Your (Loon-don: Oxford university Reese, 1968). P eel is con-current o explain he fundamental characters f a religion f industrialization the Yearbook intent as a new morality of obeying rules. Ibid. , p. 299. 60 This content

Europe’s Regions Demand `Power-Sharing` over GMO Crop Decision Essay

One of the issues being faced by the food and health authorities not only in Europe but worldwide is related to Genetically Modified Organisms or GMOs.   The discovery of Genetically Modified Organisms has created enough waves not only in the scientific but also in the trade and social dynamics in the present era.   It had been the subject of social and scientific studies to determine both the benefits and the possible harm that it can brought about to the consumers. Primarily, the benefits that GMOs offer has enlighten the scientific world due to the fact that it involves the utilization of the genetic processes that were scientifically established.   It involves manipulative changes in the genetic make-up of an organism. These modifications or alterations in the systems of most crops and also animals enhance their ability to better survive in most environments.   Some of the genetically modified products are medicines, vaccines, foods and crops.   The main focus of the study is in relation to the GMOs in crop production and the benefits and disadvantages that it can brought about to the society and the surroundings as a whole (US Department of Energy Office of Science, 2004). In terms of the crops and crop production, GMOs have proposed benefits such as in relation to the palatability of the product.   Based on the study it improves the flavour of the food when eaten.   Another is in terms of the time of harvest GMOs can shorten the turn about time of the cycle of growth.     Thus, the profit generated from the production can be achieved at a shorter period of time which is beneficial to the farmers and the agricultural sector.   The GMOs are also can withstand ailments through their development. This can be equated to higher yield in farming which is also a positive effect to agriculture.   Aside from the abilities of the crops to grow in hard conditions it also lead to the development of new farming practices and methods (US Department of Energy Office of Science, 2004).   With regards to the social attributes the production of GMOs aims to alleviate the shortage in the food supplies and to fill in the market for the sources of products in the trade industries.   This can also mean that the scarcity in terms of the sources of nourishment can be eliminated.   Solutions to this problem can help a larger part of the society. In as much as it can offer these benefits, issues on GMOs arise.   This includes issues regarding different facets of the society, in relation to safety and health of the people, the basis of eligibility of use, the moral and the social aspects.   With regards to any technology introduced in the market, the primary issue reiterated is the security of the consumer in using such product.   Doubts regarding the possible effects of these products when taken in by the population were the major concern. Health hazards are being considered, thus, studies regarding this field are being conducted to established knowledge that can protect the public.   The possible effects in the environment are one of the concerns with regards to the production of these GM crops.   When these crops are grown and reproduced, the succeeding generations of these crops will then have the same altered genetic makeup.   In this case the ecological dynamics of the environmental system will be altered and the possible effects to other organisms will still have to be studied (US Department of Energy Office of Science, 2004; Atherton, 2002).   Having dim and unknown areas in the feasibility of use gives doubt to groups in the society. Due to the fact that the advent of the GMO crops is one of the scientific technologies of our time, questions in the production and use of these products are included in the major concerns of the population.   Like any other technology that is present in the society, it is mainly the industrialised and developed nations with the capability to for the purchase and even production of these GMO crops can use the technology, thus, leaving the developing countries lagging behind in the production of such products with high potential of manipulating the market and trade in particular. The possible effects again include the increased need for these countries for support from the established nation.   One of the supports that can be given by these developed nations is providing the most needed jobs which can be production.   This happens in most cases that the developing countries are the main site of production of large companies in the developed countries.   This causes harm to the resources of the developing nation due to the fact that they serve as the location of manufacture, thus, also wastes (US Department of Energy Office of Science, 2004). The issues related to ethics are another important aspect that is being affected by the production of GMO crops.   This is mainly involved in the interference in the natural conditions of the organism, specifically the crops.   In this case, the natural potential of the crops are not preserved.   This process of altering the genetic makeup of the organisms is beneficial in some aspects, but it is important to consider that the organisms are made with the balance of the positive and the negative traits. In this view, without the balance there would also be changes in the environment.   One issue which is related also caused these changes in the ecosystems is the fact that in most countries that propagate these GMO crops does not promulgate rules with regards to separating the GMO crops with the normal crops.   In this case the transfer of genes by reproduction is not regulated creating a different breed with unknown effects and that can out grow the ordinary crops (US Department of Energy Office of Science, 2004). Due to the fact that the production of GMO crops can propagate profits because of higher yield, the developed nations have increased interest in this technology.   In relation to the increasing effect of GMOs in the society, different advocacies arise with regards to the position that this technology and its potentials.   Most of the organisations move for the equal chances of the GMOs and quality agricultural products in the market.   This most specifically occurs in the European region. They demanded for the right to take part in the resolution of problems and issues in relation to the production and distribution of the GMO product specifically crops.   Due to the fact that GMOs are capable of mass production because of the benefits that was discussed earlier, they have more power in the market as compared to the traditional and natural crops that are produced.   There had been an increasing distribution of GMOs due to the promotion conducted by developed countries but most European countries on the other hand are promoting GMO-free regions. The organisations that are actively moving for the solutions of issues regarding GMOs are the Assembly of European Regions and Friends of the Earth Europe.   Their movement is on the basis of the realized need of the European nation to have equal chances and competition with the GMOs.   This is in relation to the fair competition between genetically modified crops, conventional crops and products of organic farming.   Even other countries are posing for the termination of distribution of GMOs in their respective nations. The main objective of these organizations includes the protection of the environments and every components of the ecosystem.   The in-depth study of the possible effects of the technologies introduced in the public is another concern of these groups.   Upon the study of these effects, the safety of the population and the ways of maintaining security is another.   Objectives of these groups also include the continuous promotion and propagation of the traditional non-GMO crops.   This ensures that the trade of the European products with less competition from the GMOs will propagate.   The production of the genetically modified crops also affected the economy and the market dynamics in Europe, thus, one aim of these advocacies is to prevent any detrimental effect of these products to the progress on the country’s farming industries that receive the hardest blow.    Also, through the participation of the countries in the European region, the organization aim for counteracting the effects of pollution such as pesticides by having the responsible groups to pay for the damage incurred and even the possible profits for the harvest of the crops grown in the conventional way.   The freedom to decide the target market of the crops produced is another aim of the advocacy of these groups.   With this includes the decision making process in the methods to be applied in the propagation of the traditional crops.   This process includes the freedom to deter the growing and farming of GMO crops. And lastly is the determination and safeguarding of sources of crops that are grown.   The seeds that are distributed be identified to be able to separate the GMO and the non-GMO crops.   These objectives deem to lessen if not fully eliminate the propagation of the GMO crops in the market (Friends of the Earth Europe, 2005).   Also, the creation of a unified system is to be able to give reactions to the issues being faced by the European nations.   Having representation for every nation and country in the European nation will enable a faster communication and consensus regarding matters related to the safety, quality of products distributed to the population and the effects in the national economy and that for the whole region. Based on the objectives of the movement the movements that advocate the termination of GMO crop production, there has been a case filed in the WTO regarding issues on GMO.   This is on the bases of the following notions.   First is the request for the increase in the capacity of the consumers to decide on the products that would be purchased.   In relation to this, it is important that the variety of products is available in the market.   In cases wherein the GMO crops have higher yield, it can be related to a higher availability in the market.   This shows an increase responsibility that is given to the consumers to decide on their own. Another notion is the establishment of a main body and authority that can regulate the dynamics that is related to the production and propagation of GMO crops in the market.   In this case, the aside from the responsibility given to the population to decide on their own, there is a standard organization that can show the way to the public and help them in the establishment of the choices that they are making regarding the products, specifically the food supply (Sem, & Andersen, 2003).   It has been viewed that the assault that the US addressed to the EU is on the basis of taking the side of science or the technological view with regards to control in the decision making process on issues relating to GMO crops (Toke, 2004). The trend in the society with regards to the introduction of technologies is based mainly in the scientific field.   In this matter, it can be supposed that scientific decision making process has a great influence in the dynamics of the market processes.   In this matter, a great control of the factors that affect the society can be attributed to science.   This has certain disadvantages because the process in science is mainly based on knowledge that is continuously developing, thus, greater and comprehensive study must be conducted in the introduction of new discoveries in the population, such as GMO crops.   This on the basis, that these products affect every aspect of the society and human being (Lafond, 2001). The decision making process in relation to the scientific technologies such as the production of GMOs can be included in the trend that is occurring in the society with regards to the shifting of the problems in the science being related to politics.   This is exhibited by the need for in organization of the sectors involved in the issues on GMOs.   The position being played by science in the issues of GM crops is in relation to the shifting of the importance of science to the influence in political issues in the society.   The nations in the European nations are seeking to be included in the decision making process regarding GMOs. This can be related to the notion that the dispersion of these products is being conducted by powerful factions and organizations in the society, thus, they seek to have a more democratic decision making process wherein they can participate.   They view on the need for the deregulation of the power of science to introduce technologies on the basis of the possible danger that it can brought about to the population. On the other hand, an opposing notion fights for the position of science as an authority in projects that can benefit the people.   Some on the other hand view, that there cannot be a demarcation that can set the issues straight on the basis of just pro and against the GMO technology.   As any other technology applied and being used by the population, it involves a complex interplay of the different factors such as the effects in the society, in governance, in the trade and commercial aspects and most importantly in the cultural aspects that defined the norm of the people (Toke, 2004). In issues such as this which involves the feasibility of a technological discovery for use by the general population, it is important to consider every possible effect on all aspects of the society.   This is due to the fact that once the knowledge such as the cultivation and proliferation of GMO crops in the society.   There is no turning back.   It can alter every aspect that includes every the genetic composition of the every organism and even human. Based on comparative study on the propagation of the GMO technology in the US and EU it was determined that there are certain factors that affect the differences in the decisions regarding the issue.   One reason is the differences in the view of the two regions regarding the issue.   The US policies are basically more on the promotion of the technological advances in their region while on the other hand the EU deemed that the outlook of the cooperating nations, sectors and population is important with regards to the standardization and use of such technologies.   Another factor is the differences in the impact of the environmental effects to these two regions. The environmental issues of any introduced technology have greater effects to the leaders of the EU as compared to US.   Another important factor is the occurrence of the crisis of BSE that lead to the establishment of the European Food Authority.   With this occurrence, the European region had been determined to prevent another occurrence of a major crisis that will affect the health of the population (Lafond 2001).   Another factor that can be attributed to the non-GMO propagation in the European region is the importance that is being given to the quality of the crops that are being produced in the market.   This is based on cultural aspects of the people and the norms that are set in the region (Toke, 2004). In the move to have a fair consideration with regards to the matters concerning the GMO crops, the Council of the European Communities advices two scenarios.   It is either the termination of the propagation of the GMO crops or their purposeful distribution in the surroundings.   The dispersal of the GMO crops is conducted to be the basis of the research process that will follow. The results of the study will serve as the basis for the decisions regarding GMOs.   This is the case although is divergence in the objectives of the different sectors of the society (Szczepanik, 1993).   This is only one of the possible ways of participating in the decision process regarding the issues in the society specifically that related to the food industry which can greatly affect the health of the population. With regards to any issues in the society, it is an important consideration that there exists an organization that will serve as an authority in the decision making process related to the application of any technology in the society.   Although this is the case, the representation of the different sectors of the society is essential to be able to give the possible effects in relation to their respective regions. The consensus of the member nations is important in such an organization.   The establishment of this organization needs the cooperation of the nations in the European region.   Based on the cases studied though, these region works for a GMO-free nation, thus, the movement that is needed to be made is regarding data gathering that can support the notion that was chosen. The consciousness of the society and the leaders of every nation that belongs in the European Union is important in the establishment and decision making not only in issues regarding the genetically modified organisms but also in other issues that can arise that may endanger the safety of the public and the nature as well.   Thus, cooperation is detrimental in the process. References Atherton, K. (2002) Genetically modified crops  : Assessing safety.   London  : Taylor & Francis. Friends of the Earth Europe (2006) The genetic contamination organic agriculture in Europe.   Biotech Mailout. Friends of the Earth Europe (2005) Safeguarding sustainable European agriculture. Assembly of European Regions.   Available from  : [Accessed 15 June 2006] Lafond, F.   (2001) The creation of European Food Authority  : Institutional implications of risk regulation.   European Issues, 10. Lafond, F.   (2005) Towards a European bioethics policy? Institutional structuring and political responses.   Health governance in Europe: Issues, challenges and theories.   London, Routledge, 2005 Sem, SW & Andersen, L. (2003) Concerting US’ WTO case against the EU moratorium on GMO.   The US Embassy in Norway  : Norwegian Foreign Affairs.   Available online from  : [Accessed 15 June 2006] Stenzel, P. (2002) Why and how the World Trade Organization must promote environmental protection.   Duke University, School of Law  : Gale Group. Szczepanik, V. (1993) Regulation of biotechnology in the European community.   Law and Policy in International Business, 24 (2), p. 617-646. Toke, D.   (2004) The Politics of GM food  : A comparative study of the UK, USA and EU.   New York  : Routledge. US Department of Energy Office of Science (2004) Genetically modified foods and organisms [online].   USA  : US Department of Energy.   Available from  : [Accessed 15 June 2006]   

Margaret Mitchell; an Inspired Writer essays

Margaret Mitchell; an Inspired Writer essays My dear I dont give a damn (Margaret (Munnerlyn) 1).When hearing this famous quote by Rhett Butler, most people think of the award winning movie Gone with The Wind. The success of the movie would not be possible with out the awarded novel Gone with the Wind, written by Margaret Mitchell. Journalist and Novelist, Margaret Mitchell was an American writer in the early 1900s. November 8, 1900, Margaret Mitchell came into the world and would later bless many with her talent of writing. Forty nine years later on August 16, the successful writer was killed by a drunk driver. In life Margaret had premonitions about her death being a tragedy and actually said that she would be killed in a car accident (Margaret (Munnerlyn) 1). Margaret was born in Atlanta Georgia and lived their all her childhood. She attended Washington Seminary and spent one year at Smith College (Margaret (Munnerlyn) 1). She later returned to Atlanta and lived there for the remainder of her life. Margaret was the daughter of Eugene and Maybelle Mitchell (Margaret (Munnerlyn) 1). Her mother had great influence on her being a supporter of women suffrage. Throughout her childhood she was told many stories about the Civil War by her relatives that lived through it. She didnt find out that the south really lost the war until she was ten because of the influence from her family. Margaret became a writer for the Atlanta Journal after returning from Smith College. She was named a feature writer for the Atlanta Journal in 1922and in 1926 resigned being the papers feature writer (Margaret Mitchell 59). Margaret met Berrien Kinard Upshaw and married him in 1922. Some say there is a resemblance in personalities between Rhett Butler and Berrien (Margaret (Munnerlyn) 1). He was an attractive and romantic man but at the same time violent and unstable. There marriage lasted barely three months, however they could not get a divorce until 1924. Marga...

How to Become a Rehabilitation Counselor

How to Become a Rehabilitation Counselor When you hear the word â€Å"rehab,† it might conjure up images of celebrities disappearing for a few weeks while publicists release statements about â€Å"exhaustion.† But while rehabilitation centers certainly do the very important work of helping patients with additions and related health issues, they also exist for helping patients get back on their feet after surgeries, injuries, or other illnesses. Rehabilitation counselors are crucial in helping these patients, as well as people with disabilities, recover and overcome barriers. The Day-to-DayRehabilitation counselors are allied health professionals work with clients and families to help those clients to achieve personal, social, psychological, and professional goals. One of their main roles is helping people get back on track (or on track in the first place) after being diagnosed with a disability or illness, or as they recover from surgery or injuries. Counselors can work with clients of all ages and backgrounds , but may specialize in areas like patients with disabilities, patients coming back from military service or stress-related trauma, patients being treated for addictions, or patients dealing with work-related injuries. By creating treatment plans and coordinating services and accommodations, counselors help their clients make progress in their lives.Rehabilitation counselors typically work a standard 40-hour week, though these hours might include evenings or weekends to accommodate client needs. Rehab counselors can work in a variety of places, like community centers, youth centers, senior centers, hospitals, or private clinics.For more on what it’s like to be a rehabilitation counselor, check out these videos:Understanding Rehabilitation CounselingWhat is Rehabilitation Counseling?So You Want to Be a Rehabilitation CounselorThe RequirementsRehabilitation counselors typically have a master’s degree from an accredited program, though their undergraduate degrees can be i n a variety of fields like social work, psychology, or counseling. Clinical training is usually included in the master’s program, in addition to an internship and a practicum. Certification is usually optional, but you should check your state’s requirements (or potential future employers’ requirements) ahead of time.The PayPer the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, rehabilitation counselors earn a median salary of $34,380 per year, or $16.53 per hour.The OutlookDemand for rehabilitation counselors is expected to rise by at least 9% by 2024, reflecting a need for all kinds of outpatient follow-up care for people affected by injuries, trauma, stress, or illnesses.

Ethical Issues in Profefssional Life (Philsophy course) Essay

Ethical Issues in Profefssional Life (Philsophy course) - Essay Example There are many points in his essay, which are plausible, and worth emulating. However, there are also points, which I do not entirely agree. Therefore, in this essay, I will be discussing the different models upon I agree or disagree with him and the reason why I feel that way. Veach described the engineering model of ethical conduct as straightforward in its presentation of facts to the client and letting the client make an informed decision based on the facts presented. He talks about how this standard could not be applied in the medical profession stating that â€Å"even if the physician logically could eliminate all ethical and the value considerations from his decision making and even if he could in practice conform to the impossible value-free ideal, it would be morally outrageous for him to do so.† On this point, I completely agree with Veach. In the medical profession, we deal with sentient human beings. We do not deal with inanimate objects that do not require any explanations as to how they will be dealt with in furtherance of my profession. My patients are not pipes or drainage systems that I would simply clean, repair and flush when they become clogged with impurities and be done with it. Although medical practice requires precision like any other profession, it is not enough that we discuss statistics and procedures with our patients and expect them to understand the situation. Take the case of a cancer patient for instance. After discussing the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of treatments, it may be morally sound to let the patient choose which form of therapy he/she would prefer. However, in cases where the patient would not choose the most viable option, it would not be ethical on the part of the physician to simply let the patient go on with his/her choice without trying to persuade him/her that such option is not viable. Although I agree with the maxim espoused

Equal Opportunity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Equal Opportunity - Essay Example The 'equal access' mentioned may then be applied to the circumstances in which individuals receive their education, it being argued that equal opportunity in the test requires equal opportunity to acquire the skills to be tested. This may lead to a demand for equal conditions in the period before the rationing, or a demand that, because those conditions have not in fact been equal, the procedure take account of the previous relative lack of resources or opportunities of some competitors by discriminating in their favour (Political Dictionary). In the simplest terms, hiring someone based solely on ethnicity, gender, age, religion, political affiliation or sexual orientation is equally as wrong as refusing to hire a person for the same reasons. Equal opportunity practices include those that are race-blind or gender-blind, and those that involve or require affirmative action or reverse discrimination (referred to as 'positive discrimination' in the UK). The United States1 federal govern ment and various state and local governments require affirmative action in governmental hiring and contracting (Equal). ... Equal opportunity is often criticized on utilitarian grounds because the burden of equal opportunity regulations results in decreased productivity of the businesses, thus reducing well-being of all classes. But, the concept of Equal Opportunity requires that legal censure be taken against those who do not give up their prejudices. Legal censure by the state is objectionable to some. However, in the absence of Equal Opportunity, legal censure would also have to be taken against social and religious activists who aim for equality in society. Equal Opportunity is often considered separate from basic Freedoms. For example, Freedom of Speech is usually not within the realm of Equal Opportunity but rather within basic rights. Equal Opportunity consists of additional elements crucial to a meritocracy, such as: Consideration for employment, housing, and education free from immutable characteristics such as race, age, or disability; Equal access to goods and services from the government The term "equal opportunity" is synonymous with "non-discrimination". Social equity in the labour market is a stronger requirement: it implies that the benefits of employment are broadly and equitably distributed (Report, 1996). Social equality is a social state of affairs in which certain different people have the same status in a certain respect, at the very least in voting rights, freedom of speech and assembly, the extent of property rights as well as the access to education, health care and other social securities. Thus, in practice, equal opportunity is said to exist when people with similar abilities reach similar results after doing a similar amount of work. Indeed, equal opportunity and equality of outcome are often seen as complementary. Equal

Australian Carbon Policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Australian Carbon Policies - Essay Example It supports a reporting system on carbon emissions and is the most conspicuous regulation of carbon emissions in use to date. The Australian parliament did introduce a system for controlling the renewal of energy by passing the amendment on the energy targets. It provides that renewable sources of energy will produce approximately 20% of the nation’s electric power by the year 2020 (McKinsey, 2007). 1.1 The Current Legislation for Reporting Carbon Emission Data Since the beginning of the month of July in the year 2008, the Australian government did require that organizations provide precise information about their greenhouse emissions (Unerman, 2007). The state’s legislative body did pass a law for regulating the reporting of emissions from greenhouses under the 2007 act on National Greenhouse reports. The administrators of this piece of legislation are the climate change department. The challenges coming from greenhouse emissions are under the regulation of the Water, Environment, Heritage and Arts division of the government (McKinsey, 2007). The government and various industries across the nation did take a deliberate initiative to regulate the number of emissions through the Greenhouse challenge plus scheme. ... This tax is payable by the large companies that are responsible for the emissions in the environment. It suggests that companies producing more than twenty five thousand tons of carbon should pay a total of twenty three dollars for each ton they produce. The tax proposal has the purpose of providing effectiveness in reducing the costs that the regime incurs in fight against greenhouse emissions (Schaltegger, Burritt and Petersen, 2008). These taxes do assist the administration in collecting information about the major emitters who do not pay up for their mistakes. The finances that come from this tax are usually put to the use of improving public institutions such as hospitals. This proposal does assist the administration in knowing the big carbon emitters within their economies. It also helps the leaders in knowing the amount of carbon emissions in their environment (Gray, 2000). 1.3 The Relationship between the Current and Proposed Carbon Policies and Environmental Management Accou nting. The use of environmental management accounting involves the application of the regular methods of identification, analyzing, managing and reduction of costs. This is done in ways that will benefit both the companies and their surroundings. This form of accounting is useful in identifying the matters affecting the implementation of the policies which aim at reducing the amounts of carbon emissions. These matters include the health crisis and safety problems that arise as a result of the emissions and the ignorance of the companies to the legislation (Gray, 2000).  

The Effectiveness Of The Violence Against Women Act Criminology Essay

The Effectiveness Of The Violence Against Women Act Criminology Essay This paper will examine intimate partner violence and two programs that have been adopted to improve this wide-spread mounting issue. This paper looks at the Violence against Women Act signed by congress in 1994 and its effectiveness as well as the results of mandated batterer intervention programs in the United States. Studies gathered for both programs are used to determine benefits and disadvantages of continued funding. The overall methods used to determine improvement and the limitations of conducting such studies are also explored. The research considered determines that while the above mentioned programs have only been in place a short while, have many merits. The Violence against Women Act has made women safer and helped bring about social change and batterer intervention programs produce a positive effect in men who abuse. It is determined after reviewing studies that both programs are inter-related, needed and deserve support and increased funding. The Effectiveness of the Violence against Women Act and Batterer Intervention Programs to Improve Incidents of Intimate Partner Violence This paper will examine intimate partner violence and two programs that have been adopted to improve this wide-spread mounting issue. When encountering domestic violence women have two choices, leaving or staying. If they leave they often become the sole bread winner and enter the secondary labor market with low pay, no medical benefits, and encounter a glass ceiling if they do rise in economic status. Being economically discriminated against as a result of the feminization of poverty, often results in the need for assistance (Karger Stoesz, p.79). For some it means trying to access the shrinking welfare system that now has time limits, further hindering their ability to gain training or education to maintain or move up in economic status. Others can become impoverished when their partner leaves or is removed, and turn to illegal means for survival for themselves and their children. Program One: The Violence against Women Act In 1994 as a result of feminists outcry Congress produced a bill that President Clinton signed, the Violence against Women Act (VAWA). The law only 16 years old continues; it has strengthened state laws for protection to women in numerous ways. It defines domestic violence to include same sex or cohabitating couples and made restraining and stalking orders available nationwide. It has special safety provisions for the elderly and disabled. It seeks to keep women safe by funding programs to end sexual assault; its laws protect against violence and discrimination in public, at home, and work. In addition it covers immigrant women and their children (Hyunkag Wilke 2005, p.126). It additionally provides funding for battered women shelters, hot lines, and community justice efforts to prosecute and hold financially responsible perpetrators for victimizing women (Karger Stoesz, p.78). The VAWA instituted comprehensive methods to protect victims through a community coalition of prosecutors , advocates, judges and police. Methods enacted forbid the ownership of guns by persons with restraining orders, mandated arrest, and most importantly made intimate partner violence against the law. Moreover it strengthened law enforcement providing equal justice for women, and funded tracking DV perpetrators in a national crime data base. Funding and implementing the VAWA promoted education and training for judges and had them remand perpetrators to batterer intervention programs which had started in some locals in the late 1970s (Hyunkag Wilke 2005, p.126). Hyunkag and Wilke studied the VAWA program in 2005 for the College of Social Work at Florida State University using 2,368 victim incident files, and data from the National Crime Victims Survey from 1992 through 2003. A limitation was that only half of the victims reported something worth considering (Hyunkag Wilke, 2005 p.128-129). The study used an interrupted time series design comparing four variables (age, race, marital status, and education) to yearly DV incidence reports. Research questions were: Did VAWA reduce DV and increase perpetrator arrest? Did it cause more incident reporting and contact with criminal justice? The study used U.S. Census population data and divided it by Bureau of Justice Statistics of DV incidents. The same method was used for contact with other support services (Hyunkag Wilke 2005, p.130-131). The samples from individuals over 18 years old showed rates have gradually lowered through the trend started prior to VAWA. Since VAWAs enactment funding has t aken a devolution track with states given more responsibility with funding through block grants. In its first year Burt et al found (as cited in Hyunkag Wilke, 2005 p.127) by five years $1.6 billion had been granted to states. The authors attribute the minimal change after VAWAs implementation to an implausible lag of effect or changes ongoing before VAWA such as available safe shelters. Furthermore it seems criminal justice intervention via batterer programs and state mandatory arrest laws, were already producing change. Program Two: Batterer Intervention Programs Intimate partner violence is predominately perpetrated by men. Batterer intervention programs are preventative in fomenting behavior change in abusers who would normally continue to use violence. Adams found in 1988 (as cited by Gondolf 2004, p.606) that batterer intervention programs (BIPs) were an outgrowth of the womens movement. Initially intervening in DV with remedial safe shelters victims advocates started furthering their mission seeking ways to change batterer behavior through counseling in the late 1970s. Because most victims return to, or continue to live with their abusers, a behavioral change in men is warranted. BIPs results are controversial and many believe that batterers cannot change causing mental health researchers to seek empirical best practices. E.W. Gondolf has researched BIP effectiveness for over 25 years. He performed a quasi-meta-analysis of research to date in 2003 for The Mid-Atlantic Addictions Training Institute and Indiana University of Pennsylvania. He found interventions for batterers share many of the difficulties found in alcohol, drug, depression and sex offender populations (Gondolf 2004 p.607). Research has used different designs and measures of non-uniform subject cohorts producing contrary results from different studies. Different men or settings give different results. Divergent ingredients and proportions make a unique cake. His study argues that different locations for programs have differencing levels of community involvement. The wide ranging skills of members in domestic violence councils, counseling firms or courts affect outcomes. Gladwell in 2000 (as cited, Gondolf 2004 p.608) explains the problem is how to measure the synergistic effect. Dobosh et al (as cited, Gondolf 2004 p.608) say different p atterns and levels of abuse are like constellations (controlling behavior, verbal abuse, and threats) which assault the tip of the iceberg. Another problem with study design is how long of a period with no violence supports a claim of program success. He feels to be realistic studies must shift from cumulative outcomes to longitudinal retrospective ones. Additionally, is a reduction of violence a success? A compounding problem is men who drop out, drink or do drugs, and whether to count them in outcomes (Gondolf 2004, p.611-612). In summation Gondolf endorses using a dose response approach by modeling techniques to create a context that simulates a control group that quantifies collaborative influences. The four year multi site evaluation funded by the Center for Disease Control was designed to answer questions of program outcomes. Additionally researchers used interviews with female partners of participants to increase the qualitative results. He found: a marked de-escalation in re-assault and abuse of other forms. Re-assaults happened 70% of the time while participants were in the program, suggesting a need to monitor more during treatment rather than after. Another researcher, Jones, in 2000 (as cited by Gondolf 2004 p.617) found the costs of treatment were economically better than the alternatives of probation or jail. The research revealed that when program participants were coerced into attendance by regular review like drug courts a 70% program completion rate was attained. Further suggestions from research were identifying high risk individuals such as antisocial personality types and remanding them to more intensive and longer treatment (Gondolf 2004 p.619-621). Other study results suggest the abusive personality type has not been found but the best predictor is the womans perception. The most surprising finding was the program effect caused the vast majority of men to stop their abuse and assaults (Gondolf 2004 p.612-623). Conclusion: Evaluating research shows batterer intervention programs produce a positive effect in men who abuse; more so when there is a collaborative effort with all parties actively involved. All said the batterer also has buy in; the problem lies there. When there is a community pressure change is more likely; social education and influences must increase. The Violence against Women Act, also has made women safer and helped induce social change. Both programs are inter related, needed and deserve support. Aside from the huge economic costs, the pain and suffering of domestic violence is passed from generation to generation. When victims are empowered by the support of the community, criminal justice, advocates and social workers change can happen. The results of programs such as the two reviewed are not the end of the mission, but more like the first steps. Furthermore perpetrators need more monitoring while in programs designed to protect women. The two programs examined have only been in place a short time but have many merits of which to be proud. Research shows batterer intervention programs do produce results, but one approach is not shared by all helping hands. Helpers in the domestic violence field need increased support, training and direction. In general more research is needed and studies must be constructed with uniformity among subject groups. The future will be safer when domestic violence is better understood and is no longer such a drain on our nations economic and social health.

Marranos: A Lost People :: essays research papers

Marranos: A Lost People Some people might call them New Jews, some New Christians, and others call them Marranos. The majority of the world population has no idea who the Marranos are. To begin to explain these secret people, one must first receive a lesson in World History. We will begin in the 1492. In school, we are brainwashed to connect the year 1492 with the year that Columbus discovered the New World. Yet, if we look at the year 1492, there are other occurrences which are noteworthy. For instance, in the year 1492, Spain, the country which sent Columbus to America, decided to officially expel the Jews from Spain. The Jews were forced to either leave Spain, convert to Catholicism, or be put to death. This was not a surprise to the Jews of Spain. Since 1931, there had been anti-Jewish riots throughout Spain. For years, the Jews had been converting to Christianity to escape religious persecution. These Jews were called conversos. The twist to this tale is that these conversos actually were only putting on a front. They still considered themselves Jews. They practiced in secret.1 The Spanish made every attempt to search out and punish these conversos. Some Jews chose not to convert and they moved to Portugal. . Unfortunately, Portugal, in 1497, expelled the Jews from its borders as well. Anti-semitism was growing in Western Europe and the Jews needed to escape. The prime choice seemed to be so obvious. The Jews went to the New World. The immigration of the Marranos to the new world might have begun with none other than Christopher Columbus. This, of course, is not definite, but there has been research which has shown that Columbus was indeed a Marrano. Apparently his parents were Marranos.2 Even though there are some disagreements about this fact, there is strong evidence to support the claim that Columbus was Jewish. As the Marranos arrived in the New World, they were not able to reveal their secret identities and practice as Jews. This was because the Spanish government established inquisition offices in the New World. These office's sole responsibility was to hunt down Marranos and bring them to justice. The inquisitors had to visit every town once a year and gather evidence of "non- believers" of the church. They would reward anyone who came forth with information. The information could be days old or forty years old, it made no difference to the Inquisitors. The punishments for being caught were varied, never merciful. The mildest form of punishment was Scourging. This was when the victim was forced to strip to the waist in public and receive hundreds of lashes.

A Successful College Student Essay

Successful means accomplishing or achieving an aim or a goal, a purpose. A College is an educational institution which can gain knowledge by students. Student can further their education at college after graduated from high school or secondary school. Student is the one who is studying at a school or a college, and student can also defined as a learner. College student can take any courses that they are interested in a college or university. Students who choose to further their study in college is the most important steps to being success, and successful college student is start from choosing the correct subject, which is the student wanted or interested in the subject. But a lot of the students are studying the subject that their parents want them to study, but not the subject that they want. Choose the correct subject is the first steps of being success, so you must fight for it, because you are allowed to decide your future. There are a lot of types of student in the college, different types of student have different kind of goal or aim. But most of the students’ goal is to be a successful college student. To be a successful college student is not that easy, some of the students think that get well result in their academic is consider a successful student. , but this idea is definitely wrong. A successful college student does not mean the smartest in the class, the best result in academic student, the word â€Å"success† means success in various aspects. A successful student must set realistic goals and targets to motivate themselves. Although goals must be challenging but must be realistic, do not set the goals which are impossible to achieve. Goals should be measurable and specific, better to include a deadline for accomplishment. Short-term goals or small goals is easily to complete and can be accomplished quickly. Short-term goals can be set by monthly, weekly, or even tough daily, such as hand in assignment on time, do extra exercise, or master in a new chapter and etc. However, a student must have the act and behavior like a student in the college. At college, some of the students attend to class late or refuse to attend class, especially the subject which cannot forbid student to the final exam. The successful student must attend every class on time, unless have forgivable reason. Next, good student should be sit in front of the class, listen every word from lecturer and try to understand it. Students should not be afraid to ask when don’t understand on something, if student is having difficulty on study can always take advantage of the tutoring session, it is useful and beneficial to student. Besides, prepare before the class started and take the note down when the lecturer is explaining, then review after class, do more than just listened is one of the tips to become successful. Spend around 30-45minutes to review all the notes which have been taken in the class, and try to understand concepts instead of memorize all the details, use the shortcut learning skill in study, because successful student must work smart but not work hard. And then, hand in all the work that given by the lecturer on time, because successful student will take responsibility for their education. They don’t even waste a minute with doing nothing. To become a successful college student must learn on time management. Properly manage the time between study and also fun time. Set a weekly schedule which contains study time, fun time, sport time, and also family time. Although sometime we have not enough time for us to do what we want to do, but we must give a little time for our family, even though a period of dinner time. Study is very important to a student, but the over study will lead to the worse situation. In fact, don’t forget to relax from the challenging study, take a short break between study sections, and have a good rest for further journey. Furthermore, good looking is not the must, but good dressing is the must. Student must have the look of student, not to wear like a hoodlum, they should always keep ourselves neat and clean. Have at least one time bath everyday to keep ourselves clean, and wash and change the clothes everyday, do not wear same cloth in two days. Otherwise, keep ourselves health is also one of the steps to be a successful college student. Successful student should always keep their energy in high level, for instance, have 8 hours sleeping time for everyday, keep doing exercise everyday or at least 4 days in a week. Don’t always skip meal with the reason busy or no time to eat, eat three meals a day is the must and eat well with healthy food but not fast foods. To maintain a healthy lifestyle, a successful student should always have the positive mind thinking and stay free from drugs and also alcohol. Drugs and alcohol will affect our brain and slowed our reaction, in long-term, our brain will damaged. Communication skill is the worse skills of student nowadays, student do not know how to communicate with each other, they communicate well with using online chatting, email or sms, but not proper speaking with each other. Successful student must be good in communication and socialize skills. To improve the skills, involve yourself in different kind of activities, such as become member in a club, join community, and etc. Moreover, involve yourself in the camp can train your leadership, leadership is very important, because he or she carries the risk of whole group. Besides that, friendship can also be create on the camp activities, all of the student will work together and help out each other to complete a mission that given by tutor. While they are completing the mission, the solving skill of student has been trained. Communication and participation skills will be improved when accomplishing a mission or an activity, because they will discuss to solve the problem that face by them together. Camping really brings a lot of advantages and it helps students to gain extra skills, create a large social network, which might lead student to become successful. The good activities are good for us but must not involve yourself in illegal activities such as gambling, fighting, stealing and etc, it might get you in to trouble. Study is good but not just concentrate on it only, try to have fun during college, but fun time and serious time must manage wisely, not too concentrate on study and left out community and time for fun. A suitable reward for the hard work of many nights are needed to a student to relax our stress and refresh our messy mind. Conclusion, tips to become successful college student have been mentioned on above. Although no one is perfect, but every students have to try their best to achieve their goal, which is to became a successful student. Finally, a successful college student must have a good behavior, even you are a talent, good behavior is very important, because how you treat people, is the same way how people treat you back. The last tip for student is learn how to learn, because a great education is one of the most important things in our life.